![]() This structure was typically created for middle- and upper-middle-class white men, who for many years were the predominant organizational participants” (Kendall 2011:194). “Some bureaucracies perpetuate inequalities of race, class, and gender because this form of organizational structure creates a specific type of work or learning environment.By the nineteenth century, the theme of bureaucracy as a threat to democracy developed into ideas that democracy was the fundamental corrective to the routine, inflexibility, and power that came to characterize bureaucracy” (Colignon 2007:179). The concept of bureaucracy began to refer to power over the population. “Bureaucracy represented a new group of rulers and a new method of government in contrast to monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.In bureaucratic settings, one does not typically advance by being the defiant, rugged, and fiercely independent individualist of American folklore, but by going along to get along, being a team player, following the rules and procedures, and slowly climbing the bureaucratic ladder one step at a time” (McNamee and Miller 2013:171–72). “Bureaucracies generally reward compliance, not defiance.A ( noun) bureaucrat ( adverb) bureaucratically ( verb) bureaucratizes a ( adjective) bureaucratic organization. ![]()
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